Another similarity with other species woul… When it forms, the fruit varies greatly in color and shape,[11] with red, orange, and yellow being the most common mature colors, but colors such as brown and purple are also known. For the Chinese chili, see, Domestication, cultivation and agriculture, https://www.latimes.com/food/dailydish/la-dd-worlds-hottest-pepper-scoville-heat-units-20131226-story.html, http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/news/2013/11/confirmed-smokin-eds-carolina-reaper-sets-new-record-for-hottest-chilli-53033, "Capsicums: Innovative uses of an ancient crop", "Chili Peppers First Cultivated in Mexico", "Habanero Hot Sauce – Cure for Common Cuisine", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Capsicum_chinense&oldid=976631993, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Bhut jolokia cultivar 'Dorset' Naga pepper, This page was last edited on 4 September 2020, at 02:38. [excluded] – aji. As fruits gradually ripen, several colors can be found on a plant simultaneously. Colors may includeg green, red, yellow, chocolate, orange, lilac, purple, ivory and mahogany. C. chinense and its varieties have been used for millennia in Yucatan and Caribbean-style cooking to add a significant amount of heat to their traditional food. [15] They are mainly used in stews and sauces, as well as marinades for meats and chicken. C. chinense varieties are well known for their unique flavors and many have exceptional heat. The flowers, as with most Capsicum species, are small and white with five petals. Pods have thinner skin than Annuums and come in many variations and sizes. Columbus mistakenly applied the label ‘pepper’ to the plant he found growing in Caribbean gardens, likely confusing it with the highly prized but botanically unrelated black pepper. Capsicum chinense Jacq. C. chinense is native to Central America, the Yucatan region, and the Caribbean islands. This species includes many of the world's hottest cultivars including the Habanero, Scotch Bonnet and the legendary Red Savina. Capsicum chinense Jacq. However, these categories are general at best. A specimen of a domesticated habanero plant, dated at 8,500 years old, was found at an archaeological site in Peru. These chillies are esteemed for their dry, smoky flavour. [13] Domestication might have taken place 10,000 to 12,000 years ago in Central–East Mexico.[14]. Like C. annuum, C. chinense has many different varieties, including: "Yellow lantern chili" redirects here. Within C. chinense, the appearance and characteristics of the plants can vary greatly. [7] The two species can also hybridize and generate inter-specific hybrids. Capsicum Chinense (chi-NEN-see) Chinense meaning 'from China' is also a misnomer as this species originated in the Amazon Basin and is now common throughout the Caribbean, Central and South America and in the tropics. Synonyms. Within C. chinense, the appearance and characteristics of the plants can vary greatly. [2][3][4] Some taxonomists consider them to be part of the species C. annuum, and they are a member of the C. annuum complex;[5][6] however, C. chinense and C. annuum pepper plants can sometimes be distinguished by the number of flowers or fruit per node – two to five for C. chinense and one for C. annuum – though this method is not always correct. C. chinense peppers have been cultivated for thousands of years in their native regions, but have only been available in areas outside of the Americas for about 400–500 years following the Columbian Exchange. Western food at times also uses some of these chiles. [8], The scientific species name C. chinense ("Chinese capsicum") is a misnomer. Capsicum L. – pepper. All three are members of the nightshade family and are subject to similar diseases. [14] Selection in the new environments have led to the rise of new varieties that are bred and farmed in Asia and Africa. An intact fruit of a small domesticated habanero, found in pre-ceramic levels in Guitarrero Cave in the Peruvian highlands, was dated to 6500 BC. The flowers, as with most Capsicum species, are small and white with five petals. Physical Characteristics. Diseases include Verticillium wilt and mosaic virus. The botanical species name ‘ frutescens ’ means bushy, shrubby, or twiggy. Summary. It will readily germinate from the previous year's seed in the following growing season, however. Vindob. Within 100 years, peppers had spread around the world and today constitute the defining ingredient in traditional cuisines worldwide, including countries such as Italy, Thailand, Hungary, India, Spain, China and Holland. Species. It is believed that C. frutescens is the ancestor to the C. chinense species. This plant has no children. In terms of physical appearance, Capsicum Chinense … Peppers demand warm weather and don’t like their roots disturbed. [13], Seeds of C. chinense have been found in cave dwellings in Central America that indicate the natives have been consuming peppers since 7,000 BCE. The record derives from WCSP (in review) (data supplied on 2012-03-26 ) which reports it as an accepted name with original publication details: Hort. Some hot peppers aren’t hot, all peppers can be highly ornamental, many ornamental peppers are hot, etc. All Capsicum species originated in the New World. [12] Another similarity with other species would be shallow roots, which are very common. Varieties such as the well-known Habanero grow to form small, compact perennialbushes about 0.5 metres (1 ft 8 in) in height. Unique characteristics of Capsicum Chinense. Even though Aji's are mostly Baccatum there are some in the Chinense family. Peppers do well as container plants, and can be maintained over longer periods with indoor wintering, providing a sufficiently sunny location is available. The Capsicum frutescens species includes varieties such as the Tabasco, Thai and Chenzo chillies. Bot. After one or more plantings of any of these three in a particular location, carryover pathogens in the soil can infect new plants. Do not permit seedlings or plants to suffer from low temperature or drought. Solanaceae – Potato family. is an accepted name This name is the accepted name of a species in the genus Capsicum (family Solanaceae ). Plant 18 to 24" apart in rows 18 to 24" apart. Botanically, most cultivated peppers today are Capsicum annuum (most common), C. frutescens (tabasco), C. chinense (habanero), or crosses within and among these various species.Genus name comes from the Greek word kapto meaning to bite.Specific epithet means Chinese. Peppers were one of the earliest plants cultivated in the New World. The term Habanero, meaning from Habana (Havana, Cuba), comes from the fact that several peppers of this species were exported out from this port in its native range.